What is the difference in the ‘~’ and the ‘^’?

All these are same: ^1 ~1 1.x 1.* 1 You can have similar matching with different operations, it's like doing 1+1=2=3-1

Matiyas The ~ means tilde In JavaScript, ~ Bitwise NOT operator is commonly used right before an indexOf() to do a boolean check (truthy/falsy) on a string. On its own, indexOf() returns the index number of a String object passed in. So if -1 is returned it will be turned into 0 which is falsy. Anything that is not falsy is truthy. where as ^ is a this or that best answer to xor is as reference https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Bitwise_XOR https://code.sololearn.com/cbXtC1XmN2jO/?ref=app

[Part 3 of 4] Helpful reference links to review: https://docs.npmjs.com/about-semantic-versioning https://github.com/npm/node-semver#tilde-ranges-123-12-1 https://github.com/npm/node-semver#caret-ranges-123-025-004 Best for Last: To really see how this works, checkout the following link to test "~" vs "^" differences: - https://semver.npmjs.com/ I recommend changing the package to mocha for a good set of sample versions to review. Test and compare the following versions using both the tilda(~) and caret(^) range prefixes: ============ tilda(~) Examples: ======== "~1" (same as "^1") - Range: 1.0.0 to 1.21.5 "~0" (same as "^0") - Range: 0.0.1 to 0.14.1 "~1.7.0" or "~1.7" - Range: 1.7.0 to 1.7.4 --> "^" extends range to 1.21.5 "~1.7.3" - Range: 1.7.3 to 1.7.4 --> "^" extends range to 1.21.5 "~0.0.3" - Range: 0.0.3 to 0.0.8 --> "^" only allows 0.0.3

[Part 1 of 4] Tilda(~) and caret(^) specify a range of [minor] and [patch] versions allowed for a given package. Consider the semver format for "1.7.0": [major].[minor].[patch] When only [major] is specified (ie "~1" or "^1"), all [minor] and [patch] versions are allowed. Ex: All versions from "1.0.0", less than "2.0.0". Otherwise, for "~" and "^", ranges are different when at least the [minor] version is included. For instance, tilda(~) ranges (ie "~1.1" and "~1.1.0") only allow subsequent [patch] updates within the same [minor] version. Ex: All versions from "1.1.0", less than "1.2.0". Caret(^) ranges (ie "^1.1" and "^1.1.0") expand to all subsequent updates within the same [major] version. Ex: All versions from "1.1.0", less than "2.0.0". However, when [major] is 0 (ie "^0.3" and "^0.3.2"), caret(^) ranges are limited to subsequent [patch] updates within the same [minor] version. Ex: All versions from "0.3.2", less than "0.4.0".

[Part 4 of 4] ============ caret(^) Examples: ======== "^1" or "^1.0" or "^1.0.0" - Range: 1.0.0 to 1.21.5 --> "~1" has the same range. --> "~1.0" or "~1.0.0" reduces range to 1.0.3 "^1.7.0" or "^1.7" - Range: 1.7.0 to 1.21.5 --> "~" reduces range to 1.7.4 "^1.7.3" - Range: 1.7.3 to 1.21.5 --> "~" reduces range to 1.7.4 "^0" (same as "~0.0") - Range: 0.0.1 to 0.14.1 "^0.3.0" or "^0.3" (same as using tilda "~") - Range: 0.3.0 to 0.3.6 "^0.3.3" (same as "~0.3.3") - Range: 0.3.3 to 0.3.6 "^0.0.3" - Only 0.0.3 is allowed. --> "~" extends range from 0.0.3 to 0.0.8 "^0.0" (same as "~0.0") - Range: 0.0.1 to 0.0.8 ---- I can't believe how much effort this was to try to explain. I hope it was helpful.

Avi Mishra Regarding your answer: "^ Installs the exact version , whereas , ~ installs the latest version of that module." This would be incorrect. Take a look at my responses to learn what I mean. 😉

Thank you very much BroFar it is so help full!

Thanks Valen.H. ~

Hmmm... I saw a notification that I was mentioned here by Matiyas (the OP). However, I'm unable to see where I'm mentioned. 🤔 Also... I'm not sure why BroFar's answer was accepted as the correct answer. It doesn't actually address the specific context of the question, which states: ---- "What is the difference in the ‘~' and the ‘^' in the semver syntax, such as that used in npm package.json file?" ---- Assuming the OP still wants an explanation, I'll post my response in follow-up posts.

^ Installs the exact version , whereas , ~ installs the latest version of that module.

'~' is a bitwise opreator "NOT" which reverses a bit 1->0 and 0->1 like if we see the number 5(or in bit form "101") ~5 -> 010 reverses the zeros and ones While '^' bitwise opreator "XOR" will evaluate 1 if the corresponding bits are d/t Again if we take numbers 5 & 6 101^110 -> 011

david19 and Noah Oberlin please do not spam the question and answer forum with links that are not related to the question asked by the user. Please follow the forum guidelines. https://www.sololearn.com/discuss/1316935/?ref=app

I don't know Is ^ a bit operator?

All these are same: ^1 ~1 1.x 1.* 1 You can have similar matching with different operations, it's like doing 1+1=2=3-1

'~' symbol depicts NOT in Boolean Algebra whereas '^' symbol depicts AND in Boolean Algebra. '~' is a unary operator, that is, it works on only 1 operand whereas '^' symbol is a binary operator as it works on 2 operands.

"^" used for xor operations in progamming language '~' used for converting a positive number to a negative number or negative number to a positive number

there name

In Semantic Versioning (SemVer), the ^ and ~ characters are used to specify version constraints in a package.json file. These characters are known as "caret" and "tilde", respectively. The ^ character specifies a version constraint that allows patch-level changes for the specified version. For example, if a package.json file specifies a dependency as ^1.2.3, it will allow any patch-level changes for version 1.2.x, such as 1.2.4, 1.2.5, etc., but will not allow minor or major level changes, such as 2.0.0 or 1.3.0. The ~ character specifies a version constraint that allows patch and minor-level changes for the specified version. For example, if a package.json file specifies a dependency as ~1.2.3, it will allow patch-level and minor-level changes for version 1.2.x, such as 1.2.4, 1.2.5, 1.3.0, etc., but will not allow major level changes, such as 2.0.0.

Here are some examples to illustrate the difference between ^ and ~: ^1.2.3 allows: 1.2.4, 1.2.5, 1.2.6, etc. ^1.2.3 does not allow: 1.3.0, 2.0.0, etc. ~1.2.3 allows: 1.2.4, 1.2.5, 1.3.0, 1.3.1, etc. ~1.2.3 does not allow: 2.0.0, etc. ^0.2.3 allows: 0.2.4, 0.2.5, 0.2.6, etc. ^0.2.3 does not allow: 0.3.0, 1.0.0, etc. ~1.2 allows: 1.2.0, 1.2.1, 1.3.0, 1.3.1, etc. ~1.2 does not allow: 2.0.0, etc. ^1.2.x allows: 1.2.0, 1.2.1, 1.2.2, etc. ^1.2.x does not allow: 1.3.0, 2.0.0, etc.